Ethnic differences in psychosocial and health behavior correlates of dieting, purging, and binge eating in a population-based sample of adolescent females

Author(s):  
Simone A. French ◽  
Mary Story ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer ◽  
Blake Downes ◽  
Michael Resnick ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Oshio ◽  
Hiromi Kimura ◽  
Toshimi Nishizaki ◽  
Takashi Omori

Abstract Background Area-level deprivation is well known to have an adverse impact on mortality, morbidity, or other specific health outcomes. This study examined how area-level deprivation may affect self-rated health (SRH) and life satisfaction (LS), an issue that is largely understudied. Methods We used individual-level data obtained from a nationwide population-based internet survey conducted between 2019 and 2020, as well as municipality-level data obtained from a Japanese government database (N = 12,461 living in 366 municipalities). We developed multilevel regression models to explain an individual’s SRH and LS scores using four alternative measures of municipality-level deprivation, controlling for individual-level deprivation and covariates. We also examined how health behavior and interactions with others mediated the impact of area-level deprivation on SRH and LS. Results Participants in highly deprived municipalities tended to report poorer SRH and lower LS. For example, when living in municipalities falling in the highest tertile of municipality-level deprivation as measured by the z-scoring method, SRH and LS scores worsened by a standard deviation of 0.05 (p < 0.05) when compared with those living in municipalities falling in the lowest tertile of deprivation. In addition, health behavior mediated between 17.6 and 33.1% of the impact of municipality-level deprivation on SRH and LS, depending on model specifications. Conclusion Results showed that area-level deprivation modestly decreased an individual’s general health conditions and subjective well-being, underscoring the need for public health policies to improve area-level socioeconomic conditions.


Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Timaran ◽  
Eric B Rosero ◽  
Adriana J Higuera ◽  
Ron Peshock ◽  
R James Valentine ◽  
...  

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysms are defined as a 50% or greater increase in infrarenal aortic diameter (IAD). However, normal IAD has not been defined for all ethnic groups as minorities have been underrepresented in most studies. The aim of the study was to assess ethnic differences in IAD and infrarenal aortic area (AoA) adjusting for the effects of age, gender and body size in the general population. Methods: Participants (2,515) in a population based study underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdominal aorta. Analyses of variance and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between race/ethnicity, age, gender and body size and IAD and aortic area. Subjects with AAA detected by MRI (defined as IAD ≥ 3.0 cm) were excluded from the analysis. Results: Decreasing age, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and lower height were independent predictors of reduced IAD by multivariate linear regression (all P < 0.001). Of these, female sex and Hispanic ethnicity were the factors more strongly associated with aortic size. Female sex was associated with 0.27 cm reduction in IAD and Hispanic ethnicity with 0.39 cm reduction in IAD. Similarly, decreasing age, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and lower height were independent predictors of reduced AoA. Female sex was associated with a 51 cm 2 reduction in AoA and Hispanic ethnicity with 11.1 cm 2 reduction in AoA. Although Hispanics had higher BMI than blacks and whites ( P =.01), and lower height values than blacks and whites (P<.0001), IADs and AoAs were consistently lower among Hispanics. Conclusions: Ethnic differences exist in infrarenal aortic diameter. Despite larger body size, Hispanics have significantly lower IAD than blacks and whites in the general population. The reduced aortic size in Hispanics suggests that the thresholds for abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnosis, rupture and repair may be lower and need to be established.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Coyer ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Janke Schinkel ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Henrike Galenkamp ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundEthnic minorities have higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses, but little is known about ethnic differences in past exposure. We aimed to determine whether prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 exposure varied between six ethnic groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.MethodsParticipants aged 25-79 years enrolled in a population-based prospective cohort were randomly selected within ethnic groups and invited to test for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and answer COVID-19 related questions. We estimated prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 exposure within ethnic groups using survey-weighted logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and calendar time.ResultsBetween June 24-October 9, 2020, we included 2497 participants. Adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was comparable between ethnic-Dutch (25/498; 5.5%, 95%CI=3.2-7.9), South-Asian Surinamese (22/451; 4.8%, 95%CI=2.1-7.5), African Surinamese (22/400; 8.2%, 95%CI=3.0-13.4), Turkish (30/408; 7.8%, 95%CI=4.3-11.2) and Moroccan (32/391; 7.0%, 95%CI=4.0-9.9) participants, but higher among Ghanaians (95/327; 26.5%, 95%CI=18.7-34.4). 57.1% of SARS-CoV-2-positive participants did not suspect or were unsure of being infected, which was lowest in African Surinamese (18.2%) and highest in Ghanaians (90.5%). Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 exposure varied across ethnic groups, while the most common determinant was having a household member suspected of infection. In Ghanaians, seropositivity was associated with older age, larger household sizes, living with small children, leaving home to work and attending religious services.ConclusionsNo remarkable differences in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence were observed between the largest ethnic groups in Amsterdam after the first wave of infections. The higher infection seroprevalence observed among Ghanaians, which passed mostly unnoticed, warrants wider prevention efforts and opportunities for non-symptom-based testing.


Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Tatini Datta ◽  
Ann M Brunson ◽  
Anjlee Mahajan ◽  
Theresa Keegan ◽  
Ted Wun

Introduction Risk factors for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) include tumor type, stage at diagnosis, age, and patient comorbidities. In the general population, race/ethnicity has been identified as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), with an increased risk of VTE in African Americans (AA) and a lower risk in Asians/Pacific Islanders (API) and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) after adjustment for confounders such as demographic characteristics and patient comorbidities. However, the impact of race/ethnicity on the incidence of CAT has not been as well-studied. Methods We performed an observational cohort study using data from the California Cancer Registry linked to the California Patient Discharge Dataset and Emergency Department Utilization database. We identified a cohort of patients of all ages with first primary diagnosis of the 13 most common cancers in California between 2005-2014, including breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, bladder, uterine, kidney, pancreatic, stomach, ovarian, and brain cancer, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, and followed them for a diagnosis of VTE using specific ICD-9-CM codes. The 12-month cumulative incidences of VTE [pulmonary embolism (PE) alone, PE + lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LE DVT), proximal LE DVT alone, and isolated distal DVT (iDDVT)] were determined by race/ethnicity, adjusted for the competing risk of death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to determine the effect of race/ethnicity on the risk of CAT adjusted for age, sex, cancer stage, type of initial therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy), neighborhood socioeconomic status, insurance type, and comorbidities. Patients with VTE prior to cancer diagnosis were excluded. Results A total of 736,292 cancer patients were included in the analysis cohort, of which 38,431 (5.2%) developed CAT within 12 months of diagnosis. When comparing the overall cancer cohort to those that developed VTE, AA (7.2 vs 10.5%) and NHW (61.9 vs 64.3%) appear to be over-represented, and API (11.6 vs 7.6%) under-represented in VTE cohort (Figure 1). The greatest disparities in incidence by race/ethnicity were seen in PE. AA had the highest and API had the lowest 12-month cumulative incidences for all cancer types except for brain cancer (Figure 2). These racial/ethnic differences were also seen among cumulative incidences of proximal LE DVT. For iDDVT, AA again had the highest cumulative incidence compared to the other racial groups among all cancer types except for myeloma. Racial differences were not as prominent when examining cumulative incidence of all VTE (PE+DVT). In adjusted multivariable models of overall CAT, compared to NHW, AA had the highest risk of CAT across all cancer types except for brain cancer and myeloma. API had significantly lower risk of CAT than NHW for all cancer types. When examining PE only in multivariable models, AA had significantly higher risk of PE compared to NHW in all cancer types except for kidney, stomach, brain cancer, and myeloma (Hazard Ratio (HR) ranging from 1.36 to 2.09). API had significantly lower risk of PE in all cancer types except uterine, kidney, and ovarian cancer (HR ranging from 0.45 to 0.87). Hispanics had lower risk of PE than NHW in breast, prostate, colorectal, bladder, pancreatic cancer, and myeloma (HR ranging from 0.64 to 0.87). [Figure 3] Conclusion In this large, diverse, population-based cohort of cancer patients, race/ethnicity was associated with risk of CAT even after adjusting for cancer stage, type of treatment, sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities. Overall, AA had a significantly higher incidence and API had a significantly lower incidence of CAT than NHW. These racial/ethnic differences were especially prominent when examining PE only, and PE appears to be the main driver for the racial differences observed in overall rates of CAT. Current risk prediction models for CAT do not include race/ethnicity as a parameter. Future studies might examine if incorporation of race/ethnicity into risk prediction models for CAT may improve their predictive value, as this may have important implications for thromboprophylaxis in this high-risk population. Disclosures Wun: Glycomimetics, Inc.: Consultancy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian M Karl ◽  
Rolf Holle ◽  
Lars Schwettmann ◽  
Annette Peters ◽  
Michael Laxy

Abstract Background Status quo bias (SQB) has often been referred to as an important tool for improving public health. However, very few studies were able to link SQB with health behavior. Methods Analysis were based on data from the population-based KORA S4 study (1999–2001, n = 2309). We operationalized SQB through two questions. The first asked whether participants switched their health insurance for financial benefits since this was enabled in 1996. Those who did were assigned a ‘very low SQB’ (n = 213). Participants who did not switch were asked a second hypothetical question regarding switching costs. We assigned ‘low SQB’ to those who indicated low switching costs (n = 1035), ‘high SQB’ to those who indicated high switching costs (n = 588), and ‘very high SQB’ to those who indicated infinite switching costs (n = 473). We tested the association between SQB and physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, the sum of health behaviors, and body mass index (BMI) using logistic, Poisson and ordinary least square regression models, respectively. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, satisfaction with current health insurance and morbidity. Results SQB was associated with a higher rate of physical inactivity [OR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.11; 1.35)], a higher sum of unhealthy lifestyle factors [IRR = 1.05, 95% CI (1.01; 1.10)] and a higher BMI [β = 0.30, 95% CI (0.08; 0.51)]. Conclusion A high SQB was associated with unfavorable health behavior and higher BMI. Targeting SQB might be a promising strategy for promoting healthy behavior.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S434-S434
Author(s):  
Chelsea Liu ◽  
Adrian Badana ◽  
Julia Burgdorf ◽  
Chanee D Fabius ◽  
William E Haley ◽  
...  

Abstract Studies comparing racial/ethnic differences on psychological and physical outcomes of dementia caregivers have often reported differences in well-being for minority groups compared to Whites. However, due to issues with enrolling minorities into studies, recruitment methods often differ for minority and White participants and may lead to biased comparisons. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine racial/ethnic differences in dementia caregiver outcomes and to determine whether any differences vary among studies with population-based samples compared to convenience samples. We systematically reviewed articles with primary data from PubMed, Google Scholar and PsycINFO, and included studies comparing either African American (AA) or Hispanic/Latino dementia caregivers to White caregivers on measures of psychological health (e.g. depression, anxiety, burden) and physical health (e.g. self-rated health, cardiovascular measures, stress biomarkers). Reviewers screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts and conducted risk-of-bias assessments. A total of 207 effects were extracted from 40 studies. Random-effects models showed that Hispanics/Latinos reported significantly lower levels of well-being than Whites (ps &lt; .05) for both psychological outcomes (37 effects) and physical outcomes (15 effects), while AAs were not significantly different from Whites in either domain. No differences were observed for population-based studies (N=3; 23 effects) or convenience-sample studies (N=37; 184 effects). Although some previous studies with convenience samples found better psychological well-being in AA caregivers, that pattern was not confirmed in our meta-analysis. Additional analyses for the different indicators of well-being and the relationship of quality ratings to effect sizes will be discussed along with implications for future research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1105) ◽  
pp. 20190328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue M Hudson ◽  
Louise S Wilkinson ◽  
Rachel Denholm ◽  
Bianca L De Stavola ◽  
Isabel dos-Santos-Silva

Objective: Exposure to sex hormones is important in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and inability to tolerate such exposure may be reflected in increased asymmetrical growth of the breasts. This study aims to characterize, for the first time, asymmetry in breast volume (BV) and radiodense volume (DV) in a large ethnically diverse population. Methods: Automated measurements from digital raw mammographic images of 54,591 cancer-free participants (aged 47–73) in a UK breast screening programme were used to calculate absolute (cm3) and relative asymmetry in BV and DV. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess asymmetry associations with age and ethnicity. Results: BV and DV absolute asymmetry were positively correlated with the corresponding volumetric dimension (BV or DV). BV absolute asymmetry increased, whilst DV absolute asymmetry decreased, with increasing age (P-for-linear-trend <0.001 for both). Relative to Whites, Blacks had statistically significantly higher, and Chinese lower, BV and DV absolute asymmetries. However, after adjustment for the corresponding underlying volumetric dimension the age and ethnic differences were greatly attenuated. Median relative (fluctuating) BV and DV asymmetry were 2.34 and 3.28% respectively. Conclusion: After adjusting for the relevant volumetric dimension (BV or DV), age and ethnic differences in absolute breast asymmetry were largely resolved. Advances in knowledge: Previous small studies have reported breast asymmetry—breast cancer associations. Automated measurements of asymmetry allow the conduct of large-scale studies to further investigate these associations.


BMC Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazal S. Fazli ◽  
Rahim Moineddin ◽  
Arlene S. Bierman ◽  
Gillian L. Booth

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